Introduction

The ongoing situation in Balochistan remains deeply troubling, as November witnessed a significant escalation in enforced disappearances and violent incidents. Families and communities continue to endure anguish and uncertainty, as Pakistani security forces, including the military, Frontier Corps (FC), intelligence agencies, army-backed death squads, and the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD), have been implicated in these acts. In November alone, 118 individuals were forcibly disappeared, while 63 people were killed in incidents involving Pakistani security forces, the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA), the Baloch Liberation Front (BLF), and unknown assailants.

An alarming trend is the increasing number of fake encounters carried out by state forces, highlighting the systematic abuse of power and disregard for legal and human rights protections in the region. Disappeared individuals, many of whom had already been declared in state custody or acknowledged as arrested by officials, are being killed in staged encounters. For example, Bashir Ahmed, whose arrest was announced by the provincial home minister Zia Lango in a press conference, was later found mutilated and killed in Gwadar, raising serious questions about the state’s role in extrajudicial killings. Similarly, on November 30, two disappeared persons, Faqeer Jan and Asa Baloch, were killed in a fake encounter in Awaran after months of being held incommunicado. Earlier in the month, the CTD claimed to have killed four individuals in an encounter in Musakhail, three of whom—Muhammad Nawaz Buzdar, Ghulam Buzdar, and Jaffar Marri—had been forcibly disappeared months prior.

Such incidents reflect a pattern of using enforced disappearances as a precursor to extrajudicial killings, often accompanied by false narratives of encounters to cover up state atrocities. The disappearance and subsequent killing of a young boy, Israr, injured in a bomb attack in Turbat, further underscores the vulnerability of civilians, including children, to state violence.

Moreover, the crackdown on activists and the misuse of counterterrorism laws against dissenters further highlights the deteriorating human rights situation. Notably, Turbat police have filed cases against prominent individuals, including Dr. Mahrang Baloch and members of the Kech Bar Association, for participating in a seminar organized by the Baloch Yakjehti Committee. Communication disruptions across several districts further underscore the suppression of freedom of expression and assembly in the region.

Of particular concern was the suicide bomb attack on Quetta Railway Station on November 9, claimed by the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA). The attack targeted military personnel but resulted in widespread civilian casualties, including the deaths of 16 security personnel and 10 civilians, with 61 others injured. Such acts of violence in public spaces constitute grave violations of human rights and underline the urgent need for accountability and a resolution to the issue of Balochistan that prioritizes the safety and dignity of all civilians.

Forced Disappearances:

November 1:

• Nizam Baloch, son of Abdullah, a resident of the Gichk area in Panjgur, was abducted by Pakistani security forces in Awaran.

November 3:

• Muhammad Khan, son of Mir Ahmed Buzdar, disappeared during a raid in the Rada Sham area of Musakhail.

November 4:

• Shah Nawaz, son of Adam Khan Shahwani, was abducted on his wedding night in Mastung.
  Ameer, son of Noor Baksh, disappeared from Mand, Kech.

November 5:

• Sohrab Rahi, son of Master Assa Rahi, was abducted during a raid in Shahrak, Kech, and released on November 7.
• Chakar Khan was summoned by the SHO to Hub City Police Station and detained there. Upon his release, armed men abducted him on his way home.
• Sher Jan, son of Darvesh, disappeared by Pakistani forces during a raid in Buleda, Kech, and released on November 7.
• Khalil Baloch, son of Pullan, was abducted and released on November 21.
• Allah Baksh, son of Ibrahim, was forcibly disappeared from his home in Shahi Tump, Kech.

November 6

• Khan Muhammad Bugti disappeared by Pakistani forces from his shop in Dera Bugti.
• Irshad, a resident of Kaure Posht Buleda, was abducted during a raid in Buleda.

November 7

• Noman, son of Ishaq, a student from Gwadar, disappeared by Pakistani forces.

November 9

• Dosteen Bugti, son of Shah Murad Bugti, was forcibly disappeared from Sui, Dera Bugti.
• Murad Ali, Ismail, son of Ghulam Qader, Tariq, son of Ghulam Qader, and Gul Hassan were abducted from Mir Maula Baksh Goth in Hub.
• Sami Kurd son of Dur Mohd, and his cousin Abdul Nabi son of Abdul Ghani disappeared during a raid from Dasht, Mastung.

November 10

• Abdul Sattar Khalid and Tariq Hamza disappeared in district Kech.
• Amir, son of Muhammad Ibrahim, disappeared from Kuddan Dasht, Kech. and released on November 24.
• Zafar Ahmed, son of Atta Muhammad, was abducted in Dera Bugti.
• Talal, son of Muhammad Umar, disappeared from Kuddan Dasht, Kech.

November 11

• Ali, son of Faiz Ali Bugti, was forcibly disappeared from Dera Bugti.
• Ismail, son of Ishaq, a shopkeeper, disappeared from Balnigwar, Kech, and released on November 15.
• Multiple individuals named Bahot, son of Rahim Baksh, Mukaish, son of Kahoor, Altaf, son of Ghulam Jan, Badal Baloch, Nodan, Sameer, and Muslim were forcibly disappeared during raids in Hoshap, Kech. Nodan and Tahir were later released on November 15.
• Sameer, son of Faqir, and Muslim, son of Jumma, disappeared from Nokjo Mashkay.
• Hakeem Baloch and Salman, son of Liaqat, were abducted from Dasht, Kech, and Both individuals were released on November 24.
• Waseem, son of Saeed Ahmed, disappeared from the Gwash area of Kharan.

November 12

• Dr. Liaqat Ali disappeared from Kuddan Dasht during a raid and was released on November 15.
• Nusratullah, son of Sardar Liaqat, disappeared from Kharan.

November 13

• Maqbool Zaffar, son of Muhammad Khan, disappeared from Quetta.
• Murad Ali, along with his son Zarif, disappeared from the Gishkor area of Awaran during a raid.
• Muhammad Hassan, son of Munshi Abdullah Haruni, disappeared from Kharan.
• Munir, son of Assa, a resident of Dasht, disappeared from his home in Gwadar.
• Wahab, son of Sakhi Dad, and Sameer Sakhi Dad disappeared from Buleda, Kech; both were released on November 17.

November 15

• Azam Jan Marri and Nabi Lal disappeared from Dera Ghazi Khan.
• Muhammad Rashid and his cousin Manzoor disappeared from Quetta.

November 17

• Mohammad Amin, a shop owner from Gichk living in Karachi, was abducted from his home in Kohi Goth by CTD personnel and released on November 27.

November 18

• Farid, a resident of Khudabadan Panjgur, disappeared from his home during a raid.
• Noroz, son of Muhammad Islam, a resident of Panjgur, disappeared during a raid in the city. He has been disappeared twice previously.
• Uzair Umaid and Abdul Rehman Qadir disappeared during raids in Putani Zamuran, Kech district.

November 19

• Ali Asghar, son of Mahmood, was abducted from Kuddan Dasht and released on November 30.
• Abdul Ghaffar was abducted from Badini Chowk, Sariab, Quetta. He has been abducted twice previously and released after a month each time.

November 20

• Hatim Bizenjo, a law student, and Dilwash, an ASI in the Airport Security Force, disappeared from Gulshan-e-Iqbal area of Karachi.

November 22

• Behzad Dilawari, son of Barkat Dilawari, a resident of Panjgur, disappeared by Pakistani forces along with the Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) from A-1 City Quetta. He had been previously abducted on November 20, 2021, and released later.
• Nazir, son of Yar Muhammad, a resident of Kumbail Dasht, disappeared by an army-backed group in Gwadar.
• Fazal Ismail disappeared by an army-backed group from his house in Pasni, Gwadar.
• Shayhaq, son of Allah Bakhsh, a resident of Balnigwar Dasht, Kech, disappeared from Gwadar and was released on November 29.
• During an operation in Nushki, Pakistani forces forcibly disappeared eight individuals, six of whom were identified as Mullah Nazir Sumalani, Faqir Muhammad Sumalani, Jan Muhammad Sumalani, Zafarullah, son of Jan Muhammad Sumalani, Muhammad Waris Sumalani, and Hashim, son of Syed Khan Sasoli.

November 25

• Parvez, son of Abdul Samad, a resident of Teertej Awaran, disappeared from Kallari Lyari, Karachi.

November 27

• Jamil Nechari, son of Amir Hamza, disappeared from Mangochar, Kalat.
• Rasheed Ahmed Khetran, son of Master Gul Muhammad Jan Bagao, disappeared while travelling from Dera Ghazi Khan to Barkhan. Pakistani forces also took his vehicle.
• Syad Hussain Shah disappeared from Kalat and was released on December 3.

November 28

• Dr. Zafar, son of Muhammad Rahim, Rahim Jan, son of Dr. Zafar, Dr. Muhammad Karim, son of Bahram, Mehrab, son of Lal Baksh, Abdost Baloch, Jabbar, and four other individuals were disappeared during a raid.
• Chakar, Amir, and Abu Bakr disappeared during a raid in Absar Turbat and were released the following day.
• Pir Muhammad, son of Pano Bugti, and Ismail, son of Lalu Bugti, disappeared during a raid in Muhammad Colony. Noticeably, Pir Muhammad had been disappeared twice previously.
• Abdul Karim son of Haji Moj Bugti, disappeared from Muhammad Colony in Dera Bugti. He was disappeared once previously in May 2024.
• Haji Usman, son of Nozani Bugti, and Habibullah, son of Teli Bugti, disappeared by Frontier Corps (FC) and agents of secret services during a raid in Sui Town in Dera Bugti.
• Two brothers, Abu Bakr and Asim, sons of Hasil, residents of Balnigwar, disappeared from Balochi Ward, Gwadar.

November 29

• Waris, son of Saleem, and Nisar, son of Aslam, disappeared from Askani Bazar, Turbat.
• Baran, son of Faqir Muhammad, disappeared from his house during a raid in Pirandar Grahi, Awaran district. He had been disappeared previously in 2019 from Panjgur and released after three years.

November 30

• Four students from LUAWMS University, Uthal, were abducted from Uthal Bazaar. They were identified as Ghulab, Qismat Baloch, Bayan Dur, and Nasir. Ghulab and Nasir were released in Karachi after several hours, and Qismat was released the next day, but Bayan Dur remains missing.
• Faqir Muhammad, along with his son Dad Muhammad and Durjan, disappeared from Jiwani, Gwadar district.
• Siddique Ahmed, son of Dilmurad, a rickshaw driver from Khan Gichk, Panjgur, was abducted from Karachi and released on December 1.
• Kaleemullah Roodini, son of Muhammad Gul Roodini, disappeared from Grid Station in Surab, and released on December 07.
• Safar Khan Marri and Nabi Dad Marri, sons of Hamran, disappeared from Dukki Bazaar.

Other Incidents

In November, Pakistani forces conducted search operations in Harboi, Kalat, which resulted in the enforced disappearance of several individuals. Those identified include:

• Mir Asad
• Mir Ishaq
• Ali Akbar, son of Deen Muhammad
• Kaleem Allah, son of Wahid Baksh
• Abdul Sattar, son of Muhammad Azum
• Mir Asadullah, son of Mir Azum
• Mir Ishaq, son of Mir Fateh Jan
• Mir Muhammad Anwar, son of Mir Jahangeer Khan
• Mir Faisal, son of Mir Umar Hayat
• Abdul Razzaq, son of Abdul Haq
• Deen Muhammad, son of Muhammad Afzal
• Attaullah, son of Rahmdil
• Muhammad Yusuf, son of Umar
• Haroon, son of Umar
• Ghulam Rasool, son of Nokar Khan
• Abdul Fatah, son of Yar Muhammad
• Abdul Samad, son of Sadullah

Killings:

November 1

• Nine people were killed, and 29 others were injured in a blast in Mastung. Among the deceased are five girls, one boy, one police officer, and two other civilians.

November 5

• Ghafoor was shot dead in Satellite Town, Turbat. His son, Hassan Ghafoor, and another person, Siddique Rafiq, were injured. The Baloch Liberation Front (BLF) claimed responsibility, stating that Ghafoor was a state agent.

 November 6

• The Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) claimed that four people were killed in an encounter in Musakhail. Three of the victims, named Muhammad Nawaz Buzdar, Ghulam Buzdar, and Jaffar Marri had forcibly disappeared by Pakistani forces and were already in custody. Muhammad Nawaz Buzdar, a resident of Barg Pusht in Rada Sham, was abducted from Loralai on September 10. Ghulam Buzdar was forcibly disappeared from Buzdar Petrol Pump in Rada Sham on September 21, and Jaffar Marri disappeared on October 2 in Rada Sham.
• Israr Muhammad Hassani and Yasri Jamaldini were shot dead in Noshkai. The Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) claimed responsibility, stating they were militants of army-backed death squads.

November 8

• Armed motorcyclists shot and killed Musaddiq in Kohad Tump, Kech.

November 9

• A suicide bomb attack carried out by the BLA at Quetta Railway Station resulted in at least 26 deaths, including 16 security personnel, and 61 others were injured.

November 10

• Armed men shot and killed Ali Nawaz Mirwani near Bhavani Shah Pump in Hub.

November 11

• Muhammad Musa was shot and killed by unknown assailants in Magsi Market, Usta Muhammad.
• Armed men targeted and killed Dashti Khan in Quetta. The BLA claimed responsibility, stating he was a member of Military Intelligence (MI).

November 12

• Muhammad Akbar Baloch, a local leader of the National Party (NP) and Assistant District Education Officer, was shot dead in Bhag, Kachhi by unknown assailants.
• Four militants were killed in a clash with Pakistani forces in Balgatar. The deceased were identified as Azum son of Rahim, Anwar son of Hussain, Arab Nawaz, and Zubair son of Fazal, all members of the BLF.

November 13

• Three bodies were recovered from Narmuk, Kalat. The victims, who had been abducted by unknown armed men a month ago from Johaan, were all brothers.
• The BLA claimed responsibility for the killing of Muhammad Noor son of Muhammad Aslam, a resident of Punjab, and Abdul Rahman son of Khuda Rahim, a resident of Dera Murad Jamali, stating they were members of the secret services. They were arrested by the BLA and killed in their custody.

November 18

• Khair Muhammad Mardoi, a leader of the Balochistan National Party (Mengal), was killed by armed men in Firozabad, Khuzdar.

November 19

• Two militants, Niaz Qadir and Zareef Baloch, were killed in a clash with Pakistani forces in Geshkor, Kolwah. Both were affiliated with the BLF.

November 21

• Naseebullah was shot dead by armed men in Kechi Beg area, Quetta.
• Muhammad Aslam was shot dead, and a woman named Munaz Bibi was injured in a shooting by armed men near the Grade Station in Khuzdar district.
• Two people were killed in a clash between the Umrani and Khokhar tribes in Usta Muhammad.

November 22

• The mutilated body of Bashir Ahmed son of Abdul Ghani, a resident of Gwadar, was found in Gwadar. He had been forcibly disappeared earlier this year. Notably, The CTD and the provincial home minister Zia Lango confirmed his arrest in a press conference in Quetta, where he was accused of being affiliated to the BLA.
• A fisherman from Jiwani, Abdul Ghaffar Baloch, was shot dead, and another fisherman, Abdul Siddique, was injured in an attack by the Pakistani Coast Guard.

November 24

• An unidentified dead body was found in Baro area of Surab.
• A woman was killed, and a man was injured in a case of “honour killing” in Chithar, Naseerabad.

November 26

• A woman and a man were killed by armed men in Naal, Khuzdar.
• A young boy named Israr, a resident of Dannuk, Turbat, who had been injured in a bomb attack in Turbat, was disappeared by Pakistani forces from the hospital and later killed by them.

November 29

• The dead body of an unidentified woman was found in Pullani, Ginnah area of Turbat.

November 30

• Two disappeared persons, Faqeer Jan son of Syed Muhammad, a resident of Awaran, and Asa Baloch son of Noor Deen, a resident of Pahu, were killed in a fake encounter in the Buzdad Burbodonk area of Awaran. Faqeer Jan had been disappeared by Pakistani forces on September 26, 2024, and Asa Baloch had been disappeared on February 17, 2023.